59.
In this study, Bi
2S
3@BSA–Bio–MTX nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized for the first time by bovine serum albumin (BSA)-mediated biomineralization (Bi
2S
3@BSA NPs) followed by covalent bonding of biotin (Bio) and methotrexate (MTX) on the surface of the Bi
2S
3@BSA NPs via carbodiimide chemistry. The synthesized NPs were globular and exhibited uniform morphology with a hydrodynamic diameter of 107.6 ± 6.81 nm (mean ± standard deviation) and zeta potential of −20.9 ± 2.18 mV. Drug release from Bi
2S
3@BSA–Bio–MTX NPs indicated an enzyme-dependent release pattern. The
in vitro biocompatibility of NPs was confirmed by investigating their cytotoxicity against the HEK-293 cell line and hemolysis assay test, whereas the
in vivo biocompatibility of the NPs was evaluated and confirmed by the lethal dose 50 (LD
50) test. To evaluate the
in vitro anticancer activity of the functionalized NPs and MTX, their cytotoxic effects was assessed against 4T1 cancer cells by 5-dimethylthiazol-z-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay with and without X-ray radiation. Results showed that Bi
2S
3@BSA–Bio–MTX NPs have excellent anticancer activity, especially following X-ray radiation.
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